Reptiles
A viper on a mossy rock in a misty mountain valley

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Species you should know

Reptiles of Georgia and the Caucasus — photographed in the field and scientifically verified.

Dinnik's viper — Vipera dinniki
Vipera

Vipera dinniki

Dinnik's viper

Greater Caucasus

A venomous viper endemic to the Greater Caucasus, found in high-mountain forests and the subalpine zone.

Risk to humansModerate risk
Levantine viper — Macrovipera lebetina
Macrovipera

Macrovipera lebetina

Levantine viper

Eastern Georgia

Georgia's largest and most dangerous venomous snake — a resident of dry, rocky landscapes.

Risk to humansHigh risk
Caucasus viper — Vipera kaznakovi
Vipera

Vipera kaznakovi

Caucasus viper

Western Caucasus

A venomous viper endemic to the Caucasus — a rare inhabitant of Colchic forests and the Black Sea coast.

Risk to humansModerate risk
Nose-horned viper — Vipera ammodytes
Vipera

Vipera ammodytes

Nose-horned viper

Lesser Caucasus

One of Europe's most dangerous vipers, with a horn-like growth on its snout; rare in Georgia.

Risk to humansHigh risk
Smooth snake — Coronella austriaca
Coronella

Coronella austriaca

Smooth snake

Georgia — foothills and mountains

A harmless colubrid snake with copper-toned coloring — secretive, smooth-scaled, and often confused with a viper.

Risk to humansHarmless
Urartian ratsnake — Elaphe urartica
Elaphe

Elaphe urartica

Urartian ratsnake

Eastern Georgia

A harmless spotted ratsnake — described as a species in 2019; native to Kakheti and the dry landscapes of eastern Georgia.

Risk to humansHarmless
Dice snake — Natrix tessellata
Natrix

Natrix tessellata

Dice snake

Georgia — near water

A non-venomous, semi-aquatic snake with checkered blotches — an inhabitant of rivers, lakes, and shorelines; harmless.

Risk to humansHarmless
Red-bellied racer — Dolichophis schmidti
Dolichophis

Dolichophis schmidti

Red-bellied racer

Eastern Georgia

A fast, non-venomous racer with a copper or reddish back and a distinctive red–orange belly — native to the dry landscapes of eastern Georgia.

Risk to humansHarmless

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Close-up portrait of a viper's head

Species spotlight

Vipera dinniki

An endemic venomous viper of the Greater Caucasus.

It lives at roughly 1,500–2,800 meters — in the upper forest zone, subalpine meadows, and rocky terrain. Its range is fragmented; IUCN lists the species as Vulnerable.

Habitat

Greater Caucasus

Length

approx. 40–50 cm

Venom

Venomous

Conservation

Vulnerable (VU)

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Misty Caucasus ridge at dusk

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