Caucasian Toad
Bufo verrucosissimus
Caucasian Toad — recorded from Georgia. Candidate species.
At a glance
Key facts in one look
Habitat
Wetlands / moist habitats
Length
Size varies by species
Venom
None
Conservation
See IUCN
Family
Bufonidae
Overview
Who is Caucasian Toad
Caucasian Toad (Bufo verrucosissimus) is recorded from Georgia. It is treated as a candidate species pending further integrative validation. This page summarises occurrence and general natural history from scientific sources; fine-scale districts are given only when explicitly supported.
Last updated
Gallery
Caucasian Toad in photos
Identification
How to identify Caucasian Toad
How to recognise Caucasian Toad.
- 01
Tailless amphibian as adult.
- 02
Moist skin; long hind legs in many frogs.
- 03
Calls in breeding season for many anurans.
Biology
Diet, behavior, and conservation
Diet
Mostly invertebrates — insects, worms and other small prey; aquatic larvae often feed on small aquatic invertebrates.
Behavior
Activity is strongly seasonal and tied to moisture; many species breed in springs, ponds or streams.
Conservation
Recorded in Georgia. Global and national conservation status should be checked in IUCN and Georgian assessments.
Questions
Frequently asked questions
Short answers to the most important questions about Caucasian Toad.
Yes. It is among the 68 amphibians and reptiles formally recorded from Georgia.
Candidate status is used when species rank still needs contact-zone and multi-marker validation.
Site classification: Harmless. Venom: None.
Mostly invertebrates — insects, worms and other small prey; aquatic larvae often feed on small aquatic invertebrates.
References
Sources & References
References
Sources & References
- Tarkhnishvili et al. 2026 — Annotated checklist of Georgia's amphibians and reptiles
- Iankoshvili & Tarkhnishvili 2021 — Georgian herpetofauna records cited in Tarkhnishvili et al. 2026
- AmphibiaWeb
- IUCN Red List
Species profiles are compiled from peer-reviewed literature and established biodiversity databases, and are reviewed as new taxonomic and conservation data become available.
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